Russia-Ukraine talks turn to post-war security but end without breakthrough

For Moscow, a reworked "security framework" is likely to include a limit to the influence of Nato in eastern Europe - a central concern for the Kremlin since the alliance's eastward expansion.

Earlier this week Kushner said the US hoped to "create a new framework" of security between Ukraine, Russia and Europe that could "secure lasting peace", while the Kremlin's Medinsky said the world needed a "new" and "fair" security system.

That framework would serve as "a new Yalta and Potsdam", Medinsky said, referring to the 1940s summits in which the victorious Allied powers carved up post-war Europe into spheres of influence.

Ukraine and Europe have long been concerned about the current US administration's commitment to European security and its softening towards the Kremlin.

Representatives of Britain, Nato and various EU countries were also in Abu Dhabi and met with US and Ukrainian negotiators, but the Kremlin - with whom the EU does not officially communicate - said its delegation had not had any contact with them.

Moscow has been dismissive of European involvement, although Europeans have long argued that they are central to any post-war dynamics on their continent.

Many - particularly in eastern Europe - feel their security is linked to that of Ukraine. Agreements cannot be implemented "if no consensus can be reached among Nato members," a German government spokesperson said on Wednesday.

Kushner said the US was keen to bring the Europeans on board and said that getting them "added to the format" would be on the agenda for his talks with Putin.

There is also disagreement on whether discussions on a future security framework should be preceded by a ceasefire, as the Europeans and Kyiv would want, or whether the fighting only stops after an agreement has been reached, as the Kremlin has insisted.

Any agreement on a peacetime security framework, however, is contingent on the war ending, Kushner noted. But that cannot occur "until there's an agreement on territory and on all other bilateral issues," he added.

Since talks began last year, a core obstacle to any settlement has been Ukraine's eastern region of Donetsk, which is mostly occupied by Russia. Kyiv wants to freeze the contact line to maintain control over those areas, which it says are essential to its security.

Moscow, meanwhile, has never backed down from its demand that Ukraine relinquish the parts of Donetsk it still holds. "Every inch" of land would be "returned to Russia one way or another", Medinsky said.

Kushner acknowledged that the territorial question remained the hardest, while Zelensky's chief of staff and negotiator Kyrylo Budanov refused to be drawn on whether Russia was still demanding a Ukrainian withdrawal from the region.

Later, Budanov admitted the talks had been "tough" and that Ukraine's priority was to ensure Russia could not attack it again.

"These deals are very hard and complex, and this one is very emotional, very complex," Kushner said. "The reality is there is no trust right now between the sides and that is to be expected after a conflict like this."